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Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation of arterial blood pressure at a level of 140/90 or higher in persons between the ages of 13–50 and 160/95 or higher in persons over 50 years of age. Hypertension is classified as primary (essential or idiopathic) or secondary. Primary hypertension, which constitutes approximately 90 % of the cases, has an unknown etiology. Secondary hypertension occurs as a result of other pathological conditions such a Cushing’s syndrome, increased intracranial pressure, renal disease, pheochromocytoma, and coarctation of the aorta. Hypertension is classified according to the degree of severity, ranging from Class I (mild hypertension with a diastolic pressure between 90–104 mm Hg) to Class III (severe hypertension with a diastolic pressure above 115 mm Hg). Accelerated or malignant hypertension is characterized by a sudden and rapid rise of diastolic pressure above 120 mm Hg and concurrent Grade III-IV retinopathy. When the pressure elevation causes an immediate threat to the client’s lifе, hypertensive crisis exists.
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Hypertension is classified as primary (essential or idiopathic) or …