Предмет:
Иностранный язык (основной)
Тема:
Профессиональная лексика
Вопрос:

If you can’t pay the whole sum of money for the product immediately you can use a ______ payment.

Ответы:
+ deferred
− advance
− interest
− prompt
Решение:
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать лексику терминологического характера и перевести варианты ответов:
deferred – отсроченный;
advance – досрочный;
interest – с выплатой процентов;
prompt – быстрый.
Согласно контексту, только вариант ответа deferred является правильным: «Если вы не можете заплатить сразу всю сумму за товар, вы можете использовать отсроченный платеж».
ответ тест i-exam
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Types of Money
1. To be used as money, an item must have certain characteristics: durability (the ability to be used over and over again), portability (the ability to be carried from one place to another and transferred from one person to another), divisibility (the ability to be divided into smaller units), stability in value (people who save money are confident that it will have approximately the same value when they want to buy something with it as it had when they put it into savings), acceptability (people are willing to accept money in exchange for their goods or services). Money comes in all shapes and sizes. The items used as money are a reflection of the society in which they are used. Money as a rule includes coins, paper money, checks and near money.
2. Checks or checkbook money usually make up more than 70 percent of the nation’s money supply, and nearly 90 percent of the transactions in most countries are completed by writing checks. Because checks are payable to the holder of the check on demand, checking accounts are often called demand deposits. Checks are representative money because they stand for the amount of money in a person’s account. They are generally accepted because the bank must pay the amount of the check when it is presented for payment. Checks, therefore, are considered money because they are a medium of exchange, a standard of value, and a store of value.
3. Other financial assets are very similar to money. These assets, such as savings accounts and time deposits, are called near money and are not usually considered part of the nation’s money supply. Bills of exchange are examples of near money. Though they are easily accessible, these accounts cannot be used directly to buy goods or pay debts. Depositors, for example, cannot pay bills directly from their savings accounts. Since funds in these accounts can be easily converted into cash, however, they are considered near money.
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There are a number of devices that directly affect the free flow of trade among nations. One of these is export subsidy – a payment by a country to its exporters that enables them to sell their products abroad at a lower price than they could sell them for at home. Selling the same product for a lower price abroad than at home is called dumping.
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Every Friday evening the shopkeepers put the money they take during the week into the night safe. The night safe is outside on the wall and the money they put into it goes into the bank. Mr. Bell, had the idea when he saw two shopkeepers, putting some money into the night safe. He made the box at home and painted it. Then he took it to the bank and hung it on the wall next to the night safe.
On the front of the night safe he painted the words: “Please use the new night safe. This one is out of order.” Then he waited for the shopkeepers to put their bags of money into the box.
When it was full, he quickly took it down and went home with a large sum of money.
Mr. Bell is very clever and his idea was good, but not perfect. Now he’s in prison for stealing.
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Mr. Bell made the box at home and hung it on the wall of the bank as _____.
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THE “FIVE M’S”

1. Production management’s responsibilities are summarized by the “five M’s”: men, machines, methods, materials, and money. “Men” refers to the human element in operating systems. Since the vast majority of manufacturing personnel work in the physical production of goods, “people management” is one of the production manager’s most important responsibilities.

2. The production manager must choose the machines and methods of the company, first selecting the equipment and technology to be used in the manufacture of the product or service and then planning and controlling the methods and procedures for their use. The flexibility of the production process and the ability of workers to adapt to equipment and schedules are important issues in this phase of production management.

3. The production manager’s responsibility for materials includes the management of flow processes—both physical (raw materials) and information (paperwork). The smoothness of resource movement and data flow is determined largely by the fundamental choices made in the design of the product and in the process to be used.

4. The manager’s concern for money is explained by the importance of financing and asset utilization to most manufacturing organizations. A manager who allows excessive inventories to build up or who achieves level production and steady operation by sacrificing good customer service and timely delivery runs the risk that overinvestment or high current costs will wipe out any temporary competitive advantage. Although the five M’s capture the essence of the major tasks of production management, control summarizes its single most important issue. The production manager must plan and control the process of production so that it moves smoothly and meets cost and quality objectives. Process control has two purposes: first, to ensure that operations are performed according to plan, and second, to monitor and evaluate the production plan to see if it can be modified.

‘Production management’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM
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Production process that runs without a hitch is the principle aim of a production manager.
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The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is very high. Every employed citizen is obliged to pay weekly a certain amount of money to the National Health Service. The sum necessary to run medical services is very big and a large part of it comes not from weekly forms payment but from taxes. Various forms of Medical Insurance are widespread in these countries.
Everything is paid. For example, in the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should pay at least $50. Separately you will pay for a consultation, minimum $50–60 for a visit. A medicine will cost you another minimum $15–20. You should take a prescription for purchase of many drugs in American drugstores.
However you can take medical service free of charge in medical institutions attached to different charity and religious organizations. Thus, the National Health Service (NHS), UK, provides free medical treatment for visitors from EU and Commonwealth countries and to visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements.
A tariff is a duty, or tax, on imports. There are two basic types of tariffs. Revenue tariffs are levied as a way to raise money. Protective tariffs are levied to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition. The goal is to make the foreign product more expensive then a similar item produced by a domestic producer. Then people will stop buying the foreign-made item and purchase its domestic counterpart. Restrictions on the numbers of certain specified goods that can enter the country from abroad are called quotas. Like protective tariffs, quotas limit the amount of foreign competition a protected industry will have to face.
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