Early man used to ______ the Sun and the Moon as his gods.

Ответы:

+ worship

− admire

− like

− refer

Решение:

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать профессиональную лексику и перевести варианты ответов:
worship – поклоняться;
admire – восхищаться;
like – любить, нравиться;
refer – отсылать (к), направлять (за информацией); относиться.
Согласно контексту, только вариант ответа worship является правильным: «Первый человек обычно поклонялся солнцу и луне как своим богам».
ответ тест i-exam

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Early men did not have clocks. They told time by the sun and the shadows of trees. At first, they used sticks placed in the ground instead of trees. They made marks on the ground, and the shadows from the sticks told the time of the day.
Later, men began to use sundials. Some sundials were boxes with a stick to cast a shadow. The mark for noon was very important. The sundial always had to face the same way or the time was wrong. Sundials were the first kind of the clock.
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Early men …

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Early Russian Architecture
1. Russian borrowed its early architecture, like its icon painting, from Byzantium. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries early towns were built on defensive sites on high river banks. From afar were visible low white walls with towers, churches with brilliant domes and bell towers. The finest examples of traditional architecture can be seen in the towns of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo and Sergiev Posad.
2. In Russia, timber has always been the most natural building material. Russian carpenters decorate the diverse structures they were building with beautiful carved decorations above windows and porches. One can see such decorations on log-cabins, fortress towers, huge cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
3. Wooden and masonry architecture developed side by side in medieval Russia, one stimulating and gratifying the love for verticality and slenderness, the other satisfying a yearning for massiveness, monumentality, and lavish decoration in the expression of power and splendour. The few remaining examples of the ancient wooden structures are now in Rostov and also in the museums of wooden buildings in Novgorod, Kostroma and Suzdal. These examples show the skill and gift of their builders to harmonize the building proper with the landscape. Wooden architecture predominates in Northern Russia and in some of the older settlements and towns of the Siberia, such as Tyumen.
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In old Roman legends, Mercury was the swift-footed messenger of the gods. The year on the planet of Mercury is only 88 earth days.
Mercury always keeps one side towards the sun. On this side it is always day, on the other side it is always night. We see only the lighted side.
Mercury appears to us like a yellowish-orange star. The nearest planet to the sun, it is always seen near the sun, either before sunrise or soon after sunset. People sometimes call Mercury the morning or evening star, though it is really a planet.
On its lighted side Mercury’s temperature is about 300 degrees Centigrade. But the dark side is deathly cold — about 150 degrees below zero. So Mercury is probably the coldest, as well as the hottest of the planets.
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Mercury is seen near the sun _____.

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The idea of the Olympic Games absolutely captivated the modern 19th century nationalities.
A Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin may be the famous person behind the actual revival of the modern Olympic Games as we know them today. At the end of nineteenth century he had an idea to bring the Olympic Games back to life. Following his suggestion, fifteen nations met at an international congress in 1894. Two years later, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Since then they have been staged every fourth year, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the athletic talents of people of all nations.
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For the ancient Greeks the Olympic Games were a way of saluting their ___________________.

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Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture
1. The architecture of Byzantium, or Eastern Roman Empire, was the culmination of Early Christian architecture. This style can be traced back to the period after 330 BC. The art characteristic of the developed Byzantine Empire had enormous influence on both East and West, spread widely and lasted throughout the Middle Ages until the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453.
2. The dominant Byzantine art was architecture. It was characterized by round arches, elaborate columns, richness in decorative elements and colour. But the chief contribution of the Byzantine style to the architecture of the world was large pendentive-supported dome. Brick was the main material used for the construction of Byzantine churches. It was covered externally with plaster and internally with thin marble facing and mosaics above.
3. The Byzantine style reached a high point in the reign of the Emperor Justinian (527-565). He built and rebuilt 26 churches, many hospitals, bridges aqueducts, and fortress. The outstanding masterpiece of Byzantine church architecture is Hagia or Saint Sophia in Constantinople (now Istanbul). Hagia Sophia remained unique and no attempts were thereafter made by Byzantine Builders to emulate it. Its chief feature is the huge dome, approximately 32.6 m in diameter, rising 56 m above the floor. It’s carried on pendentives. There are also half-domes at two ends which are, in turn, carried by smaller semidomed exedrae. The interior surface of the edifice is richly decorated.
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