4. Метод компании Boston Consulting Group (матрица рост/доля рынка) используется для планирования:

Больной М., 22 года, жалуется на головную боль, боли в конечностях, чрезмерно большой рост, раздражительность, повышенную утомляемость, импотенцию. Родился нормальным ребенком, но с одного года стал быстро расти. В 9 лет его рост был уже 180 см. Близкие отмечают, что ребенок рос неинициативным, заторможенным. Сейчас у него рост 230 см, вес 120 кг, конечности непропорционально длинные, имеется кифоз позвоночника. Рентгенография черепа обнаружила увеличение турецкого седла. В крови повышено содержание соматотропного гормона.
Гигантизм связан с гиперфункцией …

Больной М., 22 года, жалуется на головную боль, боли в конечностях, чрезмерно большой рост, раздражительность, повышенную утомляемость, импотенцию. Родился нормальным ребенком, но с одного года стал быстро расти. В 9 лет его рост был уже 180 см. Близкие отмечают, что ребенок рос неинициативным, заторможенным. Сейчас у него рост 230 см, вес 120 кг, конечности непропорционально длинные, имеется кифоз позвоночника. Рентгенография черепа обнаружила увеличение турецкого седла. В крови повышено содержание соматотропного гормона.
В передней доле гипофиза вырабатываются такие гормоны, как …

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How Do Leaders Lead?
1. Leadership is the process by which a leader, by persuasion or example, induces followers to pursue their objectives for the group. In other words, it is «a process (act) of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement» (Stogdill, 1950, p. 3), or a «specialized form of social interaction in which cooperating individuals are permitted to influence and motivate others to promote the attainment of group and individual goals» (Forsyth, 1999, p. 343).
2. From each of these perspectives, leadership involves a «process of influence whereby the leader has an impact on others by inducing them to behave in a certain way» (Bryman, 1996, p. 276). These definitions have in common their emphasis on the view that leadership is linked to the ability to shape the behavior of those within one's group, organization, or society.
3. Furthermore, leadership involves more than being able to obtain changes in behavior that flow from coercion linked to the possession of power or enticement linked to the ability to reward («command and control» models of motivation, see Tyler & Blader, 2000). Leadership involves the possession of qualities that lead others to want to follow the leader's directives, either because they feel obligated to do so, or because they desire to do so. In other words, leadership is a characteristic that is voluntarily conferred upon a person by others and involves the ability of a person to engage the active and willing cooperation of followers. Leadership is, therefore, a process of influence that «depends more on persuasion than on coercion» (Hollander, 1978, pp. 1-2).
4. Of course, the ability to motivate group members, while clearly a key function of leadership, is not all that leadership involves. Leadership is also linked to the ability to set goals for the group («vision»); goals whose attainment facilitates the continued success of the group. In addition, leadership involves being able to structure the organization so that it can effectively attain those goals («implementation»). Further, the numerous theories of leadership that have developed since the earliest history of organized societies articulate a wide variety of other criteria of leadership, making any simple definition of leadership incomplete (Bass, 1981).
(David M. Messick : The Psychology of Leadership / David M. Messick , Roderick M. Kramer. London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2005. – P. 163).
The statement «A leader can plan his group’s activity positive outcome» corresponds to paragraph number …

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Plastic Materials
1. Plastic materials are not found in nature. Plastic is formed by extrusion or injection molding under very high pressure. It can be molded into any desired shape. Organic plastics are divided into two general groups: thermosetting and thermoplastic. The thermosetting group becomes rigid through a chemical change that occurs when heat is applied. These plastics cannot be remolded. The thermoplastic group remains soft at high temperatures and must be cooled before becoming rigid. This group is not used generally as a structural material.
2. Plastics are rapidly becoming important construction materials because of their great variety, strength, durability and lightness. Plastics are light. The benefits of light weight coupled with good strength and absence of corrosion offer tremendous potential as alternatives to traditional building materials. A given volume of polythene weights less than one-eighth of an equal volume of iron and less than half of the same volume of aluminum.
3. Plastics are used in the industry and in the household: from rockets and electronics to toys and house ware. Plastic products offer many advantages over the materials they replace, such as ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly. The insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical engineering.
4. Using of plastics as materials for a construction in the form of sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Plastics offer a lot of properties for the designs. Plastics have now been developed to such an extent that they can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundations to the final coat of paint.
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Plastic Materials
1. Plastic materials are not found in nature. Plastic is formed by extrusion or injection molding under very high pressure. It can be molded into any desired shape. Organic plastics are divided into two general groups: thermosetting and thermoplastic. The thermosetting group becomes rigid through a chemical change that occurs when heat is applied. These plastics cannot be remolded. The thermoplastic group remains soft at high temperatures and must be cooled before becoming rigid. This group is not used generally as a structural material.
2. Plastics are rapidly becoming important construction materials because of their great variety, strength, durability and lightness. Plastics are light. The benefits of light weight coupled with good strength and absence of corrosion offer tremendous potential as alternatives to traditional building materials. A given volume of polythene weights less than one-eighth of an equal volume of iron and less than half of the same volume of aluminum.
3. Plastics are used in the industry and in the household: from rockets and electronics to toys and house ware. Plastic products offer many advantages over the materials they replace, such as ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly. The insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical engineering.
4. Using of plastics as materials for a construction in the form of sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Plastics offer a lot of properties for the designs. Plastics have now been developed to such an extent that they can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundations to the final coat of paint.
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Plastic Materials
1. Plastic materials are not found in nature. Plastic is formed by extrusion or injection molding under very high pressure. It can be molded into any desired shape. Organic plastics are divided into two general groups: thermosetting and thermoplastic. The thermosetting group becomes rigid through a chemical change that occurs when heat is applied. These plastics cannot be remolded. The thermoplastic group remains soft at high temperatures and must be cooled before becoming rigid. This group is not used generally as a structural material.
2. Plastics are rapidly becoming important construction materials because of their great variety, strength, durability and lightness. Plastics are light. The benefits of light weight coupled with good strength and absence of corrosion offer tremendous potential as alternatives to traditional building materials. A given volume of polythene weights less than one-eighth of an equal volume of iron and less than half of the same volume of aluminum.
3. Plastics are used in the industry and in the household: from rockets and electronics to toys and house ware. Plastic products offer many advantages over the materials they replace, such as ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly. The insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical engineering.
4. Using of plastics as materials for a construction in the form of sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Plastics offer a lot of properties for the designs. Plastics have now been developed to such an extent that they can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundations to the final coat of paint.
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Why do plastics replace traditional building materials?